2011 Regular Session
Criminal Law - Substantive Crimes (E1)
Current Status of Legislation Total number of Bills: 81
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Waldstreicher, Anderson, Clippinger, and Dumais
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Interception of Oral Communications - Law Enforcement Officers
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Chair, Judiciary Committee (By Request - Departmental - Public Safety and Correctional Services)
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Contraband - Telecommunication Devices - Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- The Speaker (By Request - Administration) and Delegates Anderson, Arora, Barkley, Clippinger, Davis, Dumais, Mitchell, Niemann, Reznik, Waldstreicher, and Wilson
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Use of Firearm in the Commission of a Crime of Violence or a Felony
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- The Speaker (By Request - Administration) and Delegates Clagett, Arora, Cullison, Dumais, Lee, Mitchell, Niemann, Reznik, Stein, and Valderrama
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Child Neglect
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Glenn and Haddaway-Riccio
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Dangerous Dogs - Registration and Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- The Speaker (By Request - Administration) and Delegates Anderson, Arora, Barkley, Clippinger, Davis, Dumais, Lee, Mitchell, Niemann, Reznik, Waldstreicher, and Wilson
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Diminution Credits - Possession of a Regulated Firearm by Person Convicted of Crime of Violence
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Eckardt, Cane, Haddaway-Riccio, McComas, and Stein
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Controlled Dangerous Substances - Synthetic Cannabinoids
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Malone, Conway, Costa, Morhaim, Rudolph, and Weir
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Sale of Novelty Lighters - Prohibition
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Anderson (By Request - Baltimore City Administration), the Speaker (By Request - Administration), and Delegates Conaway, Oaks, B. Robinson, Tarrant, Washington, Wilson, Arora, Barkley, Clippinger, Davis, Dumais, Mitchell, Niemann, Reznik, and Waldstreicher
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Restrictions Against Use and Possession of Firearms
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Anderson (By Request - Baltimore City Administration) and Delegates Glenn, Clippinger, McIntosh, Mitchell, Oaks, B. Robinson, Rosenberg, Tarrant, and Washington
- Entitled
- Crimes - Possession of Loaded Handgun or Regulated Firearm - Enhanced Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Costa
- Entitled
- Abuse or Neglect of Animals - Use of Rifle, Handgun, or Other Weapon - Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Gutierrez, Anderson, Barkley, Cullison, Frick, Frush, Gilchrist, Glenn, Haynes, Healey, Lee, Luedtke, A. Miller, B. Robinson, S. Robinson, Washington, and Wilson
- Entitled
- Firearms - Detachable Magazines - Maximum Capacity for Ammunition
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Branch, Alston, Anderson, Conaway, Dumais, and Mitchell
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Electronic Control Devices - Restrictions on Possession and Use
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Hough, Afzali, Boteler, Clippinger, Cluster, DeBoy, Krebs, McComas, McDermott, McDonough, McMillan, Parrott, Ready, B. Robinson, Schuh, Schulz, Simmons, Smigiel, and Valderrama
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Selling a Controlled Dangerous Substance to a Minor - Causing Death
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Simmons, Dumais, Kramer, and Lee
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Manslaughter by Vehicle or Vessel - Criminal Negligence
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegates McComas, Alston, Anderson, Aumann, Carter, Cluster, Conaway, DeBoy, Dumais, Dwyer, Frank, Haddaway-Riccio, K. Kelly, Lee, McConkey, Parrott, B. Robinson, Simmons, and Smigiel
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Identity Fraud - Assumption of Identity of Fictitious Person
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Love, Barkley, Beidle, Costa, George, Kipke, O'Donnell, and Sophocleus
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Gang Activity - Jurisdiction over Juvenile Offenders
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Waldstreicher, Anderson, Carter, Clippinger, Lee, McComas, Niemann, and Wilson
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Harassment - Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Braveboy
- Entitled
- Electronic Control Devices - Permit Process and Requirements
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Wilson, Afzali, Bobo, Bohanan, Carr, Clippinger, Cluster, Dwyer, Eckardt, Fisher, Hogan, Ivey, Krebs, McMillan, Mitchell, Niemann, O'Donnell, Pena-Melnyk, B. Robinson, S. Robinson, Tarrant, Walker, and Washington
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Use of Proceeds of Drug Crime - Repeal of Exception for Person's Right to Representation
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Rosenberg and Clippinger
- Entitled
- Crimes - Electronic Communications - Harassment
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates George, Anderson, Beidle, Conaway, Dumais, Dwyer, Frush, Gaines, Glass, Haddaway-Riccio, Hogan, Kipke, Love, McDermott, O'Donnell, Parrott, Smigiel, Sophocleus, Vitale, Waldstreicher, and Walker
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Identity Theft - Use of Radio Frequency Identification Reader
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Anderson, Alston, Branch, Braveboy, Carr, Conaway, Dumais, Glenn, Gutierrez, Kaiser, McIntosh, Mitchell, Nathan-Pulliam, Niemann, Oaks, Rosenberg, Ross, Smigiel, V. Turner, Waldstreicher, and Washington
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Marijuana - Use or Possession of Small Amount
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Simmons
- Entitled
- Crimes - Committing a Crime of Violence in the Presence of a Minor - Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Barnes, Frush, and Pena-Melnyk
- Entitled
- Crimes - Pawn Shop Sales of Firearms - Prohibition
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates A. Miller, Dumais, Glenn, Kaiser, Lee, Luedtke, McDermott, Summers, Valderrama, Valentino-Smith, and Wilson
- Entitled
- Sexual Offense in the Fourth Degree - Statute of Limitations - Increase
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Kramer, Aumann, Barkley, Beitzel, Bromwell, Cluster, Haddaway-Riccio, Jameson, K. Kelly, McComas, Minnick, Olszewski, Ready, Stocksdale, Vaughn, and Wood
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Felony Theft - Threshold Value
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates McComas, Afzali, Alston, Barkley, Boteler, Cluster, George, Glass, Impallaria, McDonough, W. Miller, Ready, B. Robinson, and Simmons
- Entitled
- Crimes - Manslaughter by Vehicle - Definition of "Operating"
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates McComas, Haddaway-Riccio, Eckardt, Barkley, Cluster, Dwyer, Frank, George, Glass, Impallaria, Kipke, McDonough, W. Miller, Parrott, and B. Robinson
- Entitled
- Crimes - Distribution of Salvia Divinorum - Prohibition and Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Lee, Cane, Carr, Clagett, Conway, Cullison, DeBoy, Frick, Frush, Gutierrez, A. Kelly, Kipke, McComas, McDonough, A. Miller, B. Robinson, Sophocleus, Stocksdale, Stukes, F. Turner, Valderrama, and Wilson
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Home Invasion Violent Crime
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Valentino-Smith, Anderson, Dumais, Haynes, Healey, A. Kelly, Mitchell, Nathan-Pulliam, Rosenberg, Simmons, Summers, V. Turner, and Washington
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Possession of a Handgun - Institutions of Higher Education and Hospitals
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Dumais, Afzali, Anderson, Clippinger, Cullison, Glenn, Howard, Lee, A. Miller, Nathan-Pulliam, B. Robinson, and Valderrama
- Entitled
- Crimes - Definition of Serious Physical Injury - Strangulation and Suffocation
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Dumais, Glenn, Anderson, Aumann, Barnes, Bobo, Clippinger, DeBoy, Feldman, Frush, Haddaway-Riccio, Jameson, Jones, Kaiser, A. Kelly, Lafferty, Lee, Love, Malone, McIntosh, Mitchell, B. Robinson, S. Robinson, Stocksdale, Valderrama, Valentino-Smith, and Washington
- Entitled
- Crimes - Domestic Violence Assault
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Sophocleus, Clippinger, Anderson, Barkley, Burns, Costa, Dwyer, Eckardt, Frank, Frush, George, Haynes, Kipke, Love, McConkey, B. Robinson, Simmons, Wilson, and Wood
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Reckless Endangerment - Use of a Motor Vehicle
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Stein and Hubbard
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Controlled Dangerous Substances - Mephedrone
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Niemann
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Mail Theft - Penalty
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Sophocleus, Barkley, and Kipke
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Felony Child Abuse in the First Degree
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Simmons
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Proceeds from Drug Crimes - Misdemeanor
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Sophocleus, Barkley, DeBoy, Frank, McComas, Minnick, Niemann, and Stocksdale
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Counterfeiting - Venue
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegates A. Miller, Beidle, and McComas
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Controlled Dangerous Substances - Mephedrone
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Hough, Alston, Anderson, Bates, Carter, Clippinger, Cluster, Dwyer, Eckardt, George, Haddaway-Riccio, Lee, McComas, McDermott, Mitchell, Ready, B. Robinson, Rosenberg, Simmons, Valderrama, Valentino-Smith, Waldstreicher, and Wood
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Swift and Certain Sanctions Pilot Program
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Olszewski, Arora, Barnes, Bates, Burns, Clippinger, Impallaria, Kach, Kipke, McDonough, Mitchell, B. Robinson, Sophocleus, Valderrama, and Wood
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Malicious Destruction of Property - Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Parrott, Afzali, Carter, Clippinger, Dumais, George, Glass, Hough, McComas, McDermott, and Smigiel
- Entitled
- Justice's Law
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Glenn, Anderson, Carr, Harrison, Haynes, Lee, B. Robinson, and Stukes
- Entitled
- Firearms - Detachable Magazines - Maximum Capacity for Ammunition
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Frank, Cluster, Anderson, Aumann, Bates, Beidle, Boteler, Burns, Costa, DeBoy, Donoghue, Dwyer, Elliott, Glass, Hogan, Impallaria, Jameson, Kach, K. Kelly, Kipke, Krebs, McComas, McDermott, Minnick, Myers, O'Donnell, Otto, Parrott, Proctor, Ready, Serafini, Smigiel, Sophocleus, Stocksdale, Szeliga, and Wood
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Murder or Manslaughter - Fetus
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Conaway, Alston, Anderson, Arora, Branch, Carter, Clagett, Clippinger, Dumais, Frush, Glass, Glenn, Jameson, K. Kelly, Lee, McComas, Mitchell, Norman, Oaks, B. Robinson, Rosenberg, Simmons, Stukes, Summers, Tarrant, Valderrama, Valentino-Smith, Vallario, and Washington
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Salvia Divinorum - Regulations
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegates Valderrama, Alston, Anderson, Arora, Braveboy, Clippinger, Cluster, Conaway, Dumais, Dwyer, Glenn, Gutierrez, Hough, A. Kelly, Lee, McComas, McDermott, A. Miller, Simmons, Smigiel, Valentino-Smith, Waldstreicher, and Wilson
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Sexual Crimes - Definitions
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Wilson
- Entitled
- Crimes - Prohibition on Sale of Drug Paraphernalia to a Minor - Local Law
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Glenn
- Entitled
- Crimes - Elder Abuse or Neglect - Increased Penalties and Restrictions on Pretrial Release (The John H. Taylor Act)
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Delegate Conaway
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Salvia Divinorum - Distribution to Individual Under 21 Years of Age - Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Delegate McConkey
- Entitled
- Anne Arundel County - Drug-Free Zones Pilot Program - Public Parks and Recreation Areas
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Judiciary
HB 1353
Status as of April 11, 2011: Bill is in the House - Withdrawn Health and Government Operations
- Sponsored By
- Delegates O'Donnell, Barve, Branch, Haddaway-Riccio, and Hammen
- Entitled
- Crimes - Food Service Facility - Rodenticide Placed on Food Prepared for Human Consumption
- Committee
Assignments -
House: Health and Government Operations
- Sponsored By
- Senators Glassman, Conway, DeGrange, Forehand, Jennings, Kasemeyer, Mathias, Middleton, Raskin, Simonaire, Stone, and Dyson
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Sale of Novelty Lighters - Prohibition
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Senator Stone
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Attempted Sexual Offense in the Third Degree - Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senators Kelley, Conway, Jacobs, Jones-Rodwell, Kasemeyer, Manno, Montgomery, Pugh, Rosapepe, and Stone
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Controlled Dangerous Substances - Synthetic Cannabinoids
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
SB 173
Status as of March 28, 2011: Bill is in the House - First Reading House Rules and Executive Nominations
- Sponsored By
- The President (By Request - Administration) and Senators Astle, Brochin, Forehand, King, Manno, Peters, Raskin, Robey, Stone, and Zirkin
- Entitled
- Task Force on Diminution Credits
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: House Rules and Executive Nominations
- Sponsored By
- The President (By Request - Administration) and Senators Astle, Brochin, Forehand, Gladden, Manno, Peters, Raskin, Robey, Stone, and Zirkin
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Restrictions Against Use and Possession of Firearms
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- The President (By Request - Administration) and Senators King, Benson, DeGrange, Forehand, Garagiola, Madaleno, Manno, Mathias, McFadden, Montgomery, Peters, Ramirez, Raskin, Stone, Young, and Zirkin
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Child Neglect
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Senators Garagiola, Astle, Colburn, Currie, DeGrange, Forehand, Glassman, Jacobs, Kelley, Middleton, Montgomery, Peters, Pugh, Ramirez, Stone, and Young
- Entitled
- Sexual Offense in the Fourth Degree - Statute of Limitations - Increase
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Senators Forehand, Garagiola, Jacobs, Montgomery, Muse, Ramirez, Raskin, Shank, Simonaire, and Stone
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Sexual Crimes - Definitions
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Senators Simonaire, Astle, and Reilly
- Entitled
- Anne Arundel County - Drug-Free Zones Pilot Program - Public Parks and Recreation Areas
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senators Shank, Getty, Klausmeier, Simonaire, and Stone
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Selling a Controlled Dangerous Substance to a Minor - Causing Death
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senator Jones-Rodwell (By Request - Baltimore City Administration)
- Entitled
- Crimes - Possession of Loaded Handgun or Regulated Firearm - Enhanced Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senator Jones-Rodwell (By Request - Baltimore City Administration)
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Restrictions Against Use and Possession of Firearms
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senator Shank
- Entitled
- Justice's Law
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senators Madaleno, Currie, Ferguson, Forehand, Jones-Rodwell, Kasemeyer, Kelley, King, Manno, Montgomery, Peters, Pinsky, Pugh, Raskin, Robey, Rosapepe, and Young
- Entitled
- Weapon-Free Higher Education Zones
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senator Stone
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Reckless Endangerment - Use of a Motor Vehicle
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senator Jacobs
- Entitled
- Crimes - Manslaughter by Vehicle - Definition of "Operating"
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senator Astle
- Entitled
- Abuse or Neglect of Animals - Use of Rifle, Handgun, or Other Weapon - Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senators Forehand, Astle, DeGrange, Dyson, Edwards, Glassman, King, Klausmeier, and Robey
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Felony Theft - Threshold Value
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senator Getty
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Identity Fraud - Assumption of Identity of Fictitious Person
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Senators Jacobs, Colburn, Edwards, Getty, Glassman, Jennings, Pipkin, Reilly, Shank, and Simonaire
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Elimination of Concurrent Sentencing for Child Sexual Offenses
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senators Jacobs, Colburn, Edwards, Glassman, Jennings, Pipkin, Reilly, Shank, and Simonaire
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Plea Agreements - Prohibition of Concurrent Sentences for Child Sexual Offenses
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senator Stone
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Counterfeiting - Venue
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Senators Raskin, Jacobs, and Forehand
- Entitled
- Crimes - Definition of Serious Physical Injury - Strangulation and Suffocation
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Senators Ramirez, Benson, Ferguson, Forehand, Garagiola, Gladden, King, Madaleno, Mathias, Montgomery, Peters, Raskin, Stone, and Young
- Entitled
- Crimes - Domestic Violence Assault
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senator Muse
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Fraud - Fraudulent Misrepresentation Made to a Nonprofit Organization Concerning a Lease or Contract
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senators Benson, Currie, Ferguson, Jones-Rodwell, Montgomery, and Ramirez
- Entitled
- Crimes - Prohibition on Sale of Drug Paraphernalia to a Minor - Local Law
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
- Sponsored By
- Senators Shank and Gladden
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Swift and Certain Sanctions Pilot Program
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Senators Gladden, Dyson, Simonaire, Middleton, Edwards, Mathias, Stone, Jacobs, Klausmeier, Kasemeyer, Forehand, Brinkley, Reilly, Pipkin, Colburn, Getty, Kittleman, Rosapepe, Shank, Jennings, Glassman, Frosh, Brochin, Ramirez, Raskin, Zirkin, and Garagiola
- Entitled
- Freedom of Speech - Picketing at a Funeral - Distance
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
House: Judiciary
- Sponsored By
- Senator Simonaire
- Entitled
- Criminal Law - Funerals, Burials, Memorial Services, and Funeral Processions - Picketing and Penalties
- Committee
Assignments -
Senate: Judicial Proceedings
