Delegate Michael A. Crumlin
District 25

Status of Legislation
Total Number of Bills: 39

• HB 968

  Status as of March 4, 1996: Bill is in the House - Withdrawn Judiciary

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Crumlin, Mossburg, Kelly, Schade, Morhaim, Dixon, McClenahan, Ports, Leopold, Klima, M. Burns, Frank, Hubbard, Fulton, Conroy, B. Hughes, Hutchins, Malone, Pitkin, DeCarlo, Holt, and Dypski

  Entitled

  Parole Eligibility - First Degree Murder

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Judiciary
  

• HB 985

  Status as of February 26, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Commerce and Government Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Crumlin, B. Hughes, Pendergrass, Pitkin, Fulton, Turner, Conroy, Bobo, and Dypski

  Entitled

  Election Law - Election By Mail

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Commerce and Government Matters
  

• HB 297

  Status as of May 23, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 562

  

  Sponsored By

  The Speaker (Administration) and Delegates Cummings, Genn, Montague, Menes, Dembrow, R. Baker, E. Burns, Grosfeld, Perry, Petzold, Turner, Valderrama, Hixson, Rawlings, Barve, Benson, Billings, Bobo, Boston, Branch, Clagett, Crumlin, D. Davis, Dypski, Exum, Franchot, Frush, Fulton, Goldwater, Gordon, Harrison, Hecht, Heller, Howard, Hubbard, B. Hughes, Hurson, Kagan, Kirk, Kopp, Mandel, Marriott, McIntosh, C. Mitchell, Muse, Oaks, Opara, Nathan-Pulliam, Parker, Patterson, Pendergrass, Pitkin, Proctor, Rosapepe, Rosenberg, Shriver, and Campbell

  Entitled

  Maryland Gun Violence Act of 1996

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Judiciary
  Senate: Judicial Proceedings

• HB 338

  Status as of March 13, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Economic Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Donoghue, Doory, Love, Hixson, Hecht, Kagan, Snodgrass, Bonsack, Harrison, Workman, Conroy, Krysiak, Goldwater, Bobo, Klausmeier, Pendergrass, Stup, Preis, McIntosh, Stocksdale, Kirk, Eckardt, Walkup, Pitkin, DeCarlo, Brinkley, Cummings, Crumlin, Turner, Frank, Edwards, McKee, Poole, Flanagan, Stull, Elliott, Shriver, Fry, and Hurson

  Entitled

  Utilization Review of Hospital Services - Minimum Length of Stay - Cesarean Section

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  

• HB 447

  Status as of May 23, 1996: Vetoed by the Governor - Duplicative

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Exum, Proctor, Howard, R. Baker, Conroy, Crumlin, D. Davis, Frush, Healey, Hubbard, B. Hughes, Menes, Muse, Patterson, Pitkin, Rosapepe, Valderrama, and Vallario

  Entitled

  Higher Education - Bowie State University - State Center for Alternative Dispute Resolution and Violence Prevention

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  Senate: Economic and Environmental Affairs

• HB 518

  Status as of February 14, 1996: Bill is in the House - First Reading Economic Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Kagan, Barve, Bobo, Boston, Crumlin, Cummings, Donoghue, Exum, Franchot, Frush, Fulton, Genn, Goldwater, Gordon, Grosfeld, Harrison, Kopp, Krysiak, Marriott, McIntosh, Muse, Pendergrass, Perry, Pitkin, Turner, and Walkup

  Entitled

  Health Insurers and Health Maintenance Organizations - Drug Benefits - Coverage for the Nicotine Patch

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  

• HB 557

  Status as of March 4, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Environmental Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Kelly, Boston, M. Burns, Crumlin, Cummings, Donoghue, Dypski, Eckardt, Exum, Kach, Kirk, Krysiak, Love, Minnick, McClenahan, V. Mitchell, Mossburg, Redmer, Schade, and Walkup

  Entitled

  Health Care Access and Cost Commission - Medical Care Data Base Collection - Notice and Informed Consent

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Environmental Matters
  

• HB 562

  Status as of April 2, 1996: Bill is in the Senate - Re-referred Budget and Taxation

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Exum, Crumlin, C. Davis, Frush, Hubbard, B. Hughes, Patterson, Rosapepe, Valderrama, and Vallario

  Entitled

  Creation of a State Debt - Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission - Crandall-Rothstein House

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  Senate: Budget and Taxation

• HB 614

  Status as of March 13, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Economic Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Doory, Donoghue, Goldwater, Krysiak, Workman, McKee, Poole, Hecht, Snodgrass, Stup, Brinkley, Stull, Getty, Stocksdale, DeCarlo, Minnick, Mohorovic, Klausmeier, E. Burns, Edwards, Nathan-Pulliam, Finifter, Frank, Bobo, Pendergrass, Turner, Faulkner, Cryor, Shriver, Kopp, Kagan, Grosfeld, Hurson, Heller, Petzold, Hixson, Frush, Menes, Rosapepe, Healey, Palumbo, Conroy, Hubbard, Pitkin, Benson, Exum, Slade, Howard, Muse, Valderrama, Proctor, Vallario, Hutchins, Cadden, Love, Rzepkowski, Perry, Bonsack, Jacobs, Preis, Fry, Rudolph, W. Baker, Walkup, Eckardt, Bozman, Conway, Ciliberti, Marriott, Boston, Oaks, Rosenberg, Curran, Montague, Kirk, C. Mitchell, Branch, Harrison, Dypski, Hammen, Opara, Kach, Elliott, and Crumlin

  Entitled

  Health Insurance - Postpartum Mothers and Infants - Hospital Stays and Home Visits

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  

• HB 620

  Status as of May 23, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 671

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Nathan-Pulliam, Morhaim, Hecht, Parker, E. Burns, Frush, Benson, Marriott, Crumlin, Stull, Goldwater, Grosfeld, Doory, Pitkin, Menes, Perry, Shriver, Dypski, Muse, Opara, and C. Mitchell

  Entitled

  Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment - Inmates - State Funding

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  Senate: Economic and Environmental Affairs

• HB 623

  Status as of March 20, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Ways and Means

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Redmer, Stup, McKee, Crumlin, Hammen, Klausmeier, Love, Goldwater, Ports, Schade, Walkup, D. Davis, and Eckardt

  Entitled

  Income Tax - Subtraction Modification for Long-Term Care Insurance Premiums

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Ways and Means
  

• HB 724

  Status as of March 15, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Commerce and Government Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Bobo, Pitkin, Goldwater, Arnick, Patterson, Crumlin, Pendergrass, and Turner

  Entitled

  Credit Regulation - Lenders - Interest on Escrow Accounts

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Commerce and Government Matters
  

• HB 726

  Status as of March 11, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Commerce and Government Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Bobo, Pitkin, Mandel, Walkup, and Crumlin

  Entitled

  Financial Institutions - Basic Banking Accounts

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Commerce and Government Matters
  

• HB 859

  Status as of May 14, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 503

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Love, Krysiak, Doory, Barve, Kirk, Harrison, Donoghue, Kach, V. Mitchell, Eckardt, Goldwater, Boston, Walkup, Frank, Pitkin, Crumlin, Kelly, Pendergrass, Exum, Nathan-Pulliam, and Conroy

  Entitled

  Health Maintenance Organizations - Reimbursement to Providers of Emergency Services

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  Senate: Finance

• HB 863

  Status as of May 23, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 580

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Goldwater, Eckardt, Donoghue, Love, Boston, Walkup, Kirk, Frank, Harrison, Krysiak, Exum, V. Mitchell, Barve, Boston, Busch, Crumlin, and Pendergrass

  Entitled

  Health Insurance - Gynecological Care

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  Senate: Finance

• HB 891

  Status as of April 30, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 283

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Redmer , Ports, Busch, Gordon, Donoghue, Love, Kach, V. Mitchell, McClenahan, Kelly, Eckardt, Goldwater, Boston, Barve, Krysiak, Cummings, Walkup, Mossburg, Crumlin, Frank, Pendergrass, Schade, Exum, Harrison, and Klausmeier

  Entitled

  Patient Access Act - Point-of-Service Option

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  Senate: Finance

• HB 898

  Status as of May 23, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 588

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Hubbard, Shriver, Hurson, Owings, Rosapepe, Exum, Fry, Menes, R. Baker, Montague, O'Donnell, Bobo, Frush, Crumlin, Patterson, DeCarlo, Benson, Bissett, Bonsack, Bozman, Brinkley, Conroy, D. Davis, Edwards, Elliott, Fulton, Getty, Goldwater, Grosfeld, Harkins, Healey, Hecht, Heller, Howard, Hutchins, Kagan, Mandel, McIntosh, McKee, T. Murphy, Pendergrass, Pitkin, Preis, Rudolph, Slade, Stup, Snodgrass, Valderrama, Workman, and Conway

  Entitled

  Court Costs - State Aid for Police Protection, Criminal Injuries Compensation, and Victim and Witness Protection and Relocation

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Judiciary
  Senate: Budget and Taxation and Judicial Proceedings

• HB 914

  Status as of March 21, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Judiciary

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates B. Hughes, Crumlin, Exum, Parker, Muse, Valderrama, Fulton, and Patterson

  Entitled

  Criminal Law - Procedures - Address of Witness

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Judiciary
  

• HB 925

  Status as of February 28, 1996: Bill is in the House - Re-assigned Appropriations

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Fry, R. Baker, Beck, Benson, Bissett, Bonsack, Bozman, Brinkley, M. Burns, Cadden, Ciliberti, Conroy, Conway, Curran, C. Davis, Donoghue, Eckardt, Edwards, Elliott, Faulkner, Franchot, Getty, Gordon, Guns, Harkins, Healey, Hecht, Holt, Howard, Hubbard, Hutchins, Jacobs, Kagan, Kelly, Klima, B. Hughes, Crumlin, Baldwin, Leopold, Malone, Mandel, Marriott, McClenahan, McKee, Minnick, V. Mitchell, Mohorovic, Morgan, Owings, Palumbo, Pendergrass, Pitkin, Poole, Preis, Rudolph, Rzepkowski, Schade, Schisler, Shriver, Slade, Snodgrass, Stocksdale, Stull, Stup, Walkup, Wood, Workman, W. Baker, Dewberry, O'Donnell, Flanagan, DeCarlo, Frush, and Klausmeier

  Entitled

  State Mandates on Local Government - Constitutional Restriction

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  

• HB 935

  Status as of February 26, 1996: Bill is in the House - Withdrawn Commerce and Government Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Benson, Patterson, Muse, Boston, Nathan-Pulliam, Opara, Kirk, Marriott, Crumlin, Oaks, Parker, and Exum

  Entitled

  Procurement - MBE Program - Default on Participation Obligation - Penalty

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Commerce and Government Matters
  

• HB 957

  Status as of April 30, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 288

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Busch, Redmer, Kach, McClenahan, Donoghue, Eckardt, Goldwater, Barve, Mossburg, Exum, Harrison, Kirk, Cummings, Crumlin, Frank, Pendergrass, Schade, Boston, Love, V. Mitchell, Kelly, Krysiak, and Walkup

  Entitled

  Health Insurance - Small Group Market

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  Senate: Finance

• HB 963

  Status as of March 18, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Ways and Means

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Valderrama, R. Baker, Benson, Conroy, Crumlin, D. Davis, Exum, Frush, Healey, Howard, Hubbard, B. Hughes, Menes, Morgan, Muse, Palumbo, Patterson, Pitkin, Proctor, Rosapepe, and Vallario

  Entitled

  Prince George's County - Task Force to Study Violence in Schools

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Ways and Means
  

• HB 975

  Status as of May 23, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 641

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegate Vallario (Task Force to Examine Maryland's Crime Victims' Rights Laws) and Delegates W. Baker, Barve, Beck, Benson, Bonsack, Brinkley, M. Burns, Cadden, Ciliberti, Conroy, Conway, Crumlin, Cryor, Curran, D. Davis, DeCarlo, Dembrow, Dewberry, Donoghue, Doory, Dypski, Edwards, Elliott, Faulkner, Finifter, Frush, Fry, Fulton, Goldwater, Grosfeld, Hammen, Harkins, Harrison, Healey, Hecht, Heller, Hixson, Holt, Howard, Hubbard, B. Hughes, Hurson, Hutchins, Jacobs, Kach, Klausmeier, Klima, Kopp, Krysiak, La Vay, Leopold, Linton, Love, Malone, Mandel, McHale, McIntosh, McKee, Menes, Montague, Morhaim, Morgan, Mossburg, T. Murphy, Nathan-Pulliam, O'Donnell, Opara, Owings, Palumbo, Parker, Patterson, Perry, Petzold, Pendergrass, Pitkin, Ports, Preis, Proctor, Rawlings, Rosapepe, Rudolph, Rzepkowski, Shriver, Slade, Stocksdale, Stup, Taylor, Turner, Valderrama, Walkup, Wood, and Workman

  Entitled

  Victims' Rights - Notification Procedures

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Judiciary
  Senate: Judicial Proceedings

• HB 992

  Status as of April 8, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Appropriations

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Valderrama, R. Baker, E. Burns, Crumlin, B. Hughes, Muse, and Patterson

  Entitled

  Higher Education - University of Maryland College Park - Cap on Tuition and Mandatory Fee Increases

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  

• HB 996

  Status as of March 25, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Economic Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Kach, McClenahan, Wood, Arnick, Crumlin, Donoghue, Boston, V. Mitchell, Bozman, W. Baker, Mossburg, Minnick, Walkup, La Vay, Love, Eckardt, Rudolph, Kittleman, Kirk, Harrison, Krysiak, Kelly, and Schade

  Entitled

  Vehicle Laws - Uninsured Motorists - Waiver of Right to Noneconomic Damages

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  

• HB 1010

  Status as of March 15, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Environmental Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Pitkin, Parker, Dewberry, B. Hughes, Palumbo, Benson, Kagan, Cadden, Conway, Goldwater, Hubbard, Menes, Proctor, Franchot, Crumlin, Vallario, McIntosh, Bobo, Exum, Pendergrass, Turner, Frush, Hurson, Edwards, Branch, Stocksdale, Harrison, Petzold, and Kopp

  Entitled

  Insurance Identification Cards - Living Wills

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Environmental Matters
  

• HB 1033

  Status as of March 11, 1996: Bill is in the House - Withdrawn Economic Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Eckardt, Edwards, Hutchins, Stull, Baldwin, Leopold, Beck, Harkins, Snodgrass, McKee, Mossburg, M. Burns, Jacobs, Greenip, Brinkley, Walkup, D. Hughes, Holt, O'Donnell, Kelly, McClenahan, Kach, Donoghue, Boston, Love, Goldwater, Crumlin, Harrison, Schisler, Kirk, and Krysiak

  Entitled

  Occupational Safety and Health - Assessment of Civil Penalties

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  

• HB 1045

  Status as of March 27, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Appropriations

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Taylor, Beck, Bozman, Busch, Conroy, Conway, Crumlin, Curran, Dewberry, Doory, Eckardt, Edwards, Faulkner, Getty, Guns, Healey, Heller, Hixson, Hubbard, Hutchins, Kach, La Vay, Linton, Love, McHale, Mandel, Minnick, V. Mitchell, Mohorovic, Montague, T. Murphy, O'Donnell, Owings, Perry, Petzold, Proctor, Slade, Stocksdale, Walkup, Weir, and Vallario

  Entitled

  Creation of a State Debt - World War II Memorial Commission

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  

• HB 1067

  Status as of March 15, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Environmental Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Muse, R. Baker, Beck, Benson, Branch, Cadden, Conroy, Crumlin, Cryor, C. Davis, D. Davis, DeCarlo, Doory, Exum, Frush, Harrison, Heller, Howard, B. Hughes, Kagan, Marriott, C. Mitchell, T. Murphy, Nathan-Pulliam, Oaks, O'Donnell, Opara, Parker, Patterson, Pitkin, Proctor, Rosapepe, Shriver, Valderrama, and Wood

  Entitled

  Task Force to Study Effect of the Drug Ritalin on School Children

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Environmental Matters
  

• HB 1069

  Status as of April 30, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 297

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Howard, B. Hughes, Exum, D. Davis, Crumlin, and Benson

  Entitled

  Creation of a State Debt - Prince George's County - Walker Mill Gardens Community Outreach Center, Inc.

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  Senate: Budget and Taxation

• HB 1080

  Status as of April 30, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 300

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Healey, Crumlin, Hubbard, Howard, Pitkin, Hixson, Patterson, and Conroy

  Entitled

  Task Force on Multiracial Designations

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Commerce and Government Matters
  Senate: Economic and Environmental Affairs

• HB 1169

  Status as of March 27, 1996: Bill is in the Senate - First Reading Judicial Proceedings

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Pitkin, Vallario, R. Baker, Menes, Grosfeld, Howard, B. Hughes, Hubbard, Marriott, Healey, Krysiak, Eckardt, Perry, Frush, Cryor, Crumlin, Petzold, Nathan-Pulliam, Benson, and Kopp

  Entitled

  Manslaughter - Inadequate Provocation - Spousal Adultery

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Judiciary
  Senate: Judicial Proceedings

• HB 1191

  Status as of April 30, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 314

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Mandel, Conroy, Pitkin, Donoghue, Dypski, Crumlin, and Minnick

  Entitled

  Creation of a State Debt - Women in Military Service for America Memorial Foundation, Inc.

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  Senate: Budget and Taxation

• HB 1223

  Status as of May 23, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 692

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates McClenahan, Preis, Schisler, Owings, W. Baker, Walkup, Rudolph, Eckardt, Conway, Bozman, D. Hughes, Guns, V. Mitchell, O'Donnell, Wood, Hutchins, Slade, , Linton, Busch, Donoghue, Love, Kach, Kelly, Crumlin, Frank, and Schade

  Entitled

  Agency Regulations - Economic Impact on Small Businesses

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  Senate: Finance

• HB 1226

  Status as of April 2, 1996: Bill is in the Senate - Re-referred Budget and Taxation

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Pitkin, Conroy, Hubbard, Crumlin, Rosapepe, Patterson, Menes, Valderrama, Muse, Frush, Hutchins, Holt, Vallario, Perry, Howard, Healey, and Walkup

  Entitled

  Creation of a State Debt - Prince George's County - Belt Woods Home Farm

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  Senate: Budget and Taxation

• HB 1227

  Status as of March 27, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Appropriations

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Pitkin, Conroy, Hubbard, Crumlin, Rosapepe, Vallario, Proctor, and Howard

  Entitled

  Creation of a State Debt - Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission - Marlboro Meadows

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Appropriations
  

• HB 1266

  Status as of April 3, 1996: Bill is in the House - Unfavorable Environmental Matters

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Hubbard, Mohorovic, Morhaim, Frush, Oaks, Hammen, McHale, Nathan-Pulliam, Rosapepe, T. Murphy, Pitkin, Conroy, Crumlin, Rosenberg, Marriott, Proctor, R. Baker, Patterson, Clagett, Grosfeld, Bobo, Menes, Turner, Kagan, C. Mitchell, Franchot, Pendergrass, McIntosh, Poole, Dypski, Kelly, Kach, and Perry

  Entitled

  Environment - Permits - Standing

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Environmental Matters
  

• HB 1271

  Status as of May 14, 1996: Became Law - Chapter 397

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Donoghue, Doory, Goldwater, Krysiak, Workman, McKee, Poole, Hecht, Snodgrass, Stup, Brinkley, Stull, Getty, Stocksdale, DeCarlo, Minnick, Mohorovic, Klausmeier, E. Burns, Edwards, Nathan-Pulliam, Finifter, Frank, Bobo, Pendergrass, Turner, Faulkner, Cryor, Shriver, Kopp, Kagan, Grosfeld, Hurson, Heller, Petzold, Hixson, Frush, Menes, Rosapepe, Healey, Palumbo, Conroy, Hubbard, Pitkin, Benson, Exum, Slade, Howard, Muse, Valderrama, Proctor, Vallario, Hutchins, Cadden, Love, Rzepkowski, Perry, Bonsack, Jacobs, Preis, Fry, Rudolph, W. Baker, Walkup, Eckardt, Bozman, Conway, Ciliberti, Marriott, Boston, Oaks, Rosenberg, Curran, Montague, Kirk, C. Mitchell, Branch, Harrison, Dypski, Hammen, Opara, Kach, Elliott, Flanagan, Crumlin, Busch, Gordon, V. Mitchell, Kelly, Barve, and Cummings

  Entitled

  Health Insurance - Mothers and Newborns - Minimum Length of Stay and Utilization Review

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Economic Matters
  Senate: Finance

• HB 1453

  Status as of March 27, 1996: Bill is in the Senate - First Reading Economic and Environmental Affairs

  

  Sponsored By

  Delegates Howard, Healey, Frush, Benson, Crumlin, Proctor, Pitkin, D. Davis, Exum, Valderrama, Muse, Patterson, B. Hughes, Menes, Hubbard, and Rosapepe

  Entitled

  Prince George's County - Specimen Ballot - Primary Election PG 428-96

  Committee
  Assignments

  House: Commerce and Government Matters
  Senate: Economic and Environmental Affairs