Legislation
Senator Jeff Waldstreicher
- District
- 18
- County
- Montgomery
- Committee Assignment(s)
-
-
Judicial Proceedings Committee (Vice Chair)
-
Judicial Proceedings Committee (Vice Chair)
- Annapolis Info
-
-
2 East Miller Senate Office Building
11 Bladen Street
Annapolis, MD 21401 -
Phone 410-841-3137
Toll-free in MD 1-800-492-7122 ext. 3137
-
2 East Miller Senate Office Building
- Interim Info
-
-
2 East Miller Senate Office Building
11 Bladen Street
Annapolis, MD 21401 - Phone 410-841-3137
-
2 East Miller Senate Office Building
- Contact
-
jeff.waldstreicher@senate.state.md.us
Subscribe to My Newsletter
- Party
- Democrat
| Legislation | Sponsorship Type Sort | Chamber Sort |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
|
1 | 2 |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | 2 | |
|
2 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | |
|
2 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
|
2 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
|
2 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | |
|
2 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 2 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 3 | 2 | |
| 4 | 2 |
| Bill/Chapter (Cross/Chapter) |
Title | Sponsorship Type | Sponsorship Type Sort | Chamber Sort | Current Status | Org Committees & Hearings | Opp Committees & Hearings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SB0004 (HB0115/CH0758) | Criminal Procedure - Victims' Rights - Notification of Release From Confinement (Jaycee Webster Victims' Rights Act) | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the House - First Reading Judiciary |
|
|
| SB0037 (HB0409) | Public Utilities - Street Lighting Equipment - Acquisitions and Reporting (County and Municipal Street Lighting Investment Act) | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Withdrawn by Sponsor |
|
|
| SB0046 /CH0291 (HB0143/CH0292) | Condominiums - Sales Contracts - Asbestos Disclosure | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 291 |
|
|
| SB0077 (HB0111) | Bicycles, Play Vehicles, and Unicycles - Authorizations and Requirements | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 1/31 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0149 /CH0601 (HB0176/CH0602) | Vehicle Towing or Removal – Insurer of Record – Electronic Notification | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 601 |
|
|
| SB0162 /CH0289 (HB0093/CH0290) | Landlord and Tenant - Termination of Residential Lease - Limitation of Liability for Rent | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 289 |
|
|
| SB0199 /CH0288 (HB0013/CH0287) | Residential Property - Affordable Housing Land Trusts - Authority to Establish Condominium Regimes | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 288 |
|
|
| SB0203 (HB0007/CH0212) | Housing Innovation Pilot Program and Housing Innovation Fund - Establishment (Housing Innovation Pilot Program Act of 2024) | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the House - First Reading House Rules and Executive Nominations |
|
|
| SB0344 /CH0606 (HB0382/CH0607) | Criminal and Civil Trespass - Professional Land Surveyors - Exception | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 606 |
|
|
| SB0345 /CH0603 (HB0344) | Transportation - Vision Zero - Implementation | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 603 |
|
|
| SB0354 /CH0295 (HB0372/CH0294) | Montgomery County and Prince George's County - Rent Court Workforce Solutions Pilot Program | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 295 |
|
|
| SB0368 /CH0598 | State Retirement and Pension System - Military Service Credit - Eligibility | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 598 |
|
|
| SB0373 (HB0318) | Criminal Law - Theft - Mail and Arrow Key | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the House - Hearing 4/01 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0374 /CH0044 (HB0380/CH0043) | State Emergency Medical Services Board - Licenses and Certificates - Application Requirements | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 44 |
|
|
| SB0421 (HB0105/CH0715) | Drunk Driving Offenses - Ignition Interlock System Program | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/13 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0431 | Workers' Compensation - Occupational Disease Presumption - Long COVID (Home of the Brave Act of 2024) | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 3/05 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0443 (HB0403) | End-of-Life Option Act (The Honorable Elijah E. Cummings and the Honorable Shane E. Pendergrass Act) | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/08 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0488 (HB0947/CH0714) | Civil Actions - Public Nuisances - Firearm Industry Members (Gun Industry Accountability Act of 2024) | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the House - Second Reading Passed with Amendments |
|
|
| SB0538 (HB0083) | Civil Actions - Noneconomic Damages - Personal Injury and Wrongful Death | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the House - Hearing 3/27 at 2:30 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0544 /CH0604 (HB0888/CH0605) | Corporations and Associations - Ratification of Defective Corporate Acts - Alterations | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 604 |
|
|
| SB0555 (HB0288) | Criminal Law - Visual Surveillance With Prurient Intent - Private Place and Minor Victim | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/09 at 12:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0593 (HB0135) | Transportation - Maryland Transportation Authority - Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety and Accessibility | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/22 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0743 (HB0745) | Family Law - Protective Orders - Crimes of Violence and Stalking | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/20 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0773 (HB0783) | Homeowners Associations – Restriction on Long–Term Rentals – Prohibition | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/20 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0898 (HB1039) | Condominiums and Homeowners Associations - Resale Contracts - Notice Requirements | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 3/07 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0899 (HB0878) | Constitutional Officers – Public Disclosure of Personal Information | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 3/07 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0948 (HB1366) | State Correctional Facilities - Incarcerated Individuals - Costs of Telephone Communications | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 3/05 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0968 (HB1275) | Vehicle Laws - Manufacturers and Dealers - Standing of Dealer Associations | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 3/06 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB1028 /CH0599 (HB1168/CH0600) | Human Remains - Alkaline Hydrolysis and Natural Organic Reduction (Green Death Care Options Act) | Primary | 1 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 599 |
|
|
| SB1090 (HB1167/CH0293) | Maryland Center for School Safety - Secure Schools Emergency Response Grant Program - Established | Primary | 1 | 2 | In the House - First Reading House Rules and Executive Nominations |
|
|
| SB0002 | Juvenile Law - Child in Need of Supervision - Mandatory Petition (NyKayla Strawder Memorial Act) | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the House - Third Reading Passed with Amendments (136-0) |
|
|
| SB0050 /CH0260 (HB0394/CH0259) | Human Relations - Commission on Civil Rights - Appeal of Final Orders | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 260 |
|
|
| SB0065 | Criminal Law - Child Pornography - Prohibitions and Penalties | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the House - Hearing 3/28 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0113 /CH0834 (HB0099/CH0835) | Criminal Law - Sexual Solicitation of a Minor Through Child Pornography - Prohibition | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 834 |
|
|
| SB0119 /CH0863 (HB0691) | Legally Protected Health Care - Gender-Affirming Treatment | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 863 |
|
|
| SB0134 /CH0836 (HB0297) | Office of the Correctional Ombudsman - Establishment and Funding | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 836 |
|
|
| SB0169 (HB0660) | Green and Renewable Energy for Nonprofit Organizations Loan Program and Fund | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the House - First Reading Economic Matters and Appropriations |
|
|
| SB0365 (HB0405) | Family Law - Child Custody Evaluators - Qualifications and Training | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/08 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0391 /CH0772 (HB0544/CH0773) | Criminal Law - Sexual Extortion, Stalking, and Revenge Porn - Statute of Limitations and In Banc Review | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 772 |
|
|
| SB0400 /CH0609 (HB0749/CH0608) | Corporations and Associations – Definitions, Emergencies, and Outstanding Stock – Revisions | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 609 |
|
|
| SB0413 /CH0323 (HB0598/CH0322) | Discrimination - Military Status - Prohibition | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 323 |
|
|
| SB0426 (HB0213) | Education - Maryland STEM Program - Established | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/07 at 2:00 p.m. (Education, Energy, and the Environment) |
|
|
| SB0436 (HB0465/CH0309) | Workplace Fraud and Prevailing Wage - Violations - Penalties and Referrals | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the House - First Reading Economic Matters |
|
|
| SB0442 /CH0570 (HB0601/CH0569) | Street Racing and Exhibition Driving - Prohibited Acts, Enforcement, and Penalties | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 570 |
|
|
| SB0528 (HB0537) | Income Tax - Credit for Nonpublic School Student Bus Transportation Expenses | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 1/31 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0592 /CH0173 (HB0336/CH0172) | Maryland Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Program - Materials for Individualized Education Program, Individualized Family Service Plan, and 504 Plan Meetings | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 173 |
|
|
| SB0602 (HB0658) | Criminal Procedure - Automated Expungement, Waiting Periods, and Adverse Actions (Clean Slate Act of 2024) | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/21 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0642 (HB0735) | Maryland Beverage Container Recycling Refund and Litter Reduction Program | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 3/05 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0668 /CH0345 (HB0542/CH0346) | Department of Human Services - Children in Foster Care - Luggage | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 345 |
|
|
| SB0738 /CH0130 (HB0785/CH0129) | Freedom to Read Act | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 130 |
|
|
| SB0752 (HB0794) | Regulated Firearms - Maryland Voluntary Do Not Sell Firearm Process | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/27 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0758 (HB0496/CH0761) | Criminal Law - Sexual Crimes - Definition of Consent and Repeal of Force | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Second Reading Passed with Amendments |
|
|
| SB0761 | Testing Facilities That Use Animals - Licensing and Regulation | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 3/08 at 9:00 a.m. |
|
|
| SB0774 /CH0747 (HB1065/CH0746) | Public Safety - Maryland Entertainment District Security Grant Program | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 747 |
|
|
| SB0784 (HB0935) | Comprehensive Community Safety Funding Act | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the House - Hearing 3/28 at 12:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0817 (HB0195/CH0739) | Public Safety - Missing Persons - Purple Alert Program | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the House - First Reading House Rules and Executive Nominations |
|
|
| SB0818 /CH0496 (HB1271) | Information Technology - Artificial Intelligence - Policies and Procedures (Artificial Intelligence Governance Act of 2024) | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 496 |
|
|
| SB0823 (HB0493) | State Personnel - Collective Bargaining - Faculty, Part-Time Faculty, Post Doctoral Associates, and Graduate Assistants | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 3/07 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0858 | Revenge Porn - Civil Action and Reporting Requirement | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the House - Third Reading Passed with Amendments (134-0) |
|
|
| SB0864 (HB1020) | Universities at Shady Grove Regional Higher Education Center – Designation as Community of Innovation | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the House - Hearing 3/26 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0865 | Juveniles - Truancy Reduction Pilot Program - Expansion | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/28 at 1:00 p.m. |
|
|
| SB0905 /CH0929 (HB1267) | Public Safety – Extreme Risk Protective Orders – Review of Court Records | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 929 |
|
|
| SB0958 (HB1438) | Responding to Emergency Needs From Extreme Weather (RENEW) Act of 2024 | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/20 at 1:00 p.m. (Education, Energy, and the Environment) |
|
|
| SB1058 (HB1181) | Education - Curriculum Standards - Antihate and Holocaust Education (Educate to Stop the Hate Act) | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | In the House - Hearing 3/27 at 1:30 p.m. |
|
|
| SB1099 /CH0764 | Emergency Services - Automated External Defibrillator and Naloxone Co-Location Initiative - Requirements for Public Buildings | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 764 |
|
|
| SB1178 /CH0176 | Higher Education - Douglas J. J. Peters Veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq Conflicts Scholarship - Repeal of Service Terminal Date | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 176 |
|
|
| SJ0001 /JR0001 (HJ0001) | Affirming the Federal Equal Rights Amendment | Co-Sponsor | 2 | 2 | Signed by the President and the Speaker - Joint Resolution 1 |
|
|
| SB0453 /CH0704 (HB0576/CH0703) | Mental Health - Assisted Outpatient Treatment Programs | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 704 |
|
|
| SB0470 /CH0708 (HB0597/CH0709) | Growing Apprenticeships and the Public Safety Workforce (GAPS) Act | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 708 |
|
|
| SB0471 (HB0575/CH0705) | Criminal Procedure - Victim Compensation - Alterations (Victim Compensation Reform Act of 2024) | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | In the House - First Reading House Rules and Executive Nominations |
|
|
| SB0472 /CH0413 (HB0581/CH0412) | State Government - Permits, Licenses, and Certificates - Processing (Transparent Government Act of 2024) | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 413 |
|
|
| SB0473 /CH0711 (HB0582/CH0710) | Economic Development - Entrepreneurial Innovation Programs - Establishment (Pava LaPere Legacy of Innovation Act of 2024) | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 711 |
|
|
| SB0474 /CH0411 (HB0579) | Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity and Related Approvals - Definition of Generating Station (Critical Infrastructure Streamlining Act of 2024) | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 411 |
|
|
| SB0475 /CH0707 (HB0583/CH0706) | Center for Firearm Violence Prevention and Intervention - Establishment | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 707 |
|
|
| SB0476 /CH0014 (HB0584/CH0013) | Workers' Compensation - Occupational Disease Presumptions - First Responders (Caring for Public Employees in the Safety Professions - CAPES Act) | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 14 |
|
|
| SB0477 /CH0008 (HB0580/CH0007) | Time to Serve Act of 2024 | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 8 |
|
|
| SB0478 /CH0006 (HB0604) | Families Serve Act of 2024 | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 6 |
|
|
| SB0479 (HB0513/CH0017) | Motor Vehicles - Work Zone Speed Control Systems - Revisions (Maryland Road Worker Protection Act of 2024) | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | In the House - First Reading House Rules and Executive Nominations |
|
|
| SB0480 /CH0020 (HB0585/CH0021) | Protecting Election Officials Act of 2024 | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 20 |
|
|
| SB0483 (HB0599/CH0123) | Maryland Community Investment Corporation - Establishment (Housing and Community Development Financing Act of 2024) | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 2/22 at 1:00 p.m. (Education, Energy, and the Environment) |
|
|
| SB0484 (HB0538/CH0122) | Land Use - Affordable Housing - Zoning Density and Permitting (Housing Expansion and Affordability Act of 2024) | By Request - Administration | 3 | 2 | In the Senate - Hearing 3/01 at 9:00 a.m. |
|
|
| SB0575 /CH0415 (HB0664/CH0414) | Court Personnel - Protection of Personal Information (Judge Andrew F. Wilkinson Judicial Security Act) | By Request - Committee | 4 | 2 | Approved by the Governor - Chapter 415 |
|
| Legislative Bond Initiatives |
|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Project Name | Status | House Sponsors | Senate Sponsors | County | Amount Requested | Senate Initiative | House Initiative | Other Funding | Total Funding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 University Senior Housing | Introduced in Senate |
|
Montgomery | $1,000,000 | $1,000,000 | $1,000,000 | |||
| Dalewood Drive Playground | Introduced | Montgomery | $600,000 | $25,000 | $25,000 | ||||
| DSP Training Academy at Jubilee Association of Maryland | Introduced | Montgomery | $500,000 | $250,000 | $300,000 | $550,000 | |||
| Garrett Park Town Hall | Introduced | Montgomery | $750,000 | $300,000 | $300,000 | ||||
| Round House Theatre | Introduced | Montgomery | $500,000 | $150,000 | $150,000 | ||||
| Yeshiva of Greater Washington | Introduced in Senate |
|
Montgomery | $92,000 | $92,000 | $92,000 |
- Tenure
- First elected to the Maryland Senate in 2018. Member of the Senate since January 9, 2019. Member of the Maryland House of Delegates 2007-2019.
- Current Assignments
-
- 2020 Vice Chair, Judicial Proceedings Committee (Member, (2019)
- 2019 Joint Committee on Federal Relations (Chair, 2019)
- 2019 Joint Committee on Administrative, Executive, and Legislative Review
- 2019 Maryland Legislative Latino Caucus
- 2019 Maryland Veterans Caucus
- 2019 Women Legislators of Maryland, Associate Member
- 2024 Maryland Legislative Jewish Caucus
- Past Senate Service
- Task Force to Study Crime Classification and Penalties, 2019-2021; Marijuana Legalization Work Group, 2019.
- Past House Service
- Judiciary Committee, 2007-2015; Criminal Justice Subcommittee of the Judiciary Committee, 2007-2011; Chair, Estates and Trusts Subcommittee of the Judiciary Committee, 2011-2015; Economic Matters Committee, 2015-2018; Chair, Consumer Protection & Commercial Law Subcommittee of the Economic Matters Committee, 2015-2018; Unemployment Insurance Subcommittee of the Economic Matters Committee, 2015-2018.
- Public Service
- Maryland Access to Justice Commission, 2020-2021; Task Force to Study Crime Classification and Penalties, 2019-2021; State Traumatic Brain Injury Advisory Board, 2013-2019; Task Force on Prisoner Re-Entry, 2010-2012.
- Memberships
- American Bar Association; California Bar Association; District of Columbia Bar Association; NAACP Redress Committee; Rock Creek Palisades Civic Association, Kensington, MD; Temple Shalom, Chevy Chase, MD.
- Awards
- Champion for Children, Department of Human Resources and Maryland State Bar Association, 2010.
- Biographical Information
- Born, Silver Spring, Maryland, December 31, 1979; Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring; Emory University, B.A., Political Science and History, (Phi Beta Kappa); Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California at Berkely, J.D., 2003; Editor, California Law Review; Member, Berkeley Technology Law Journal, and California Criminal Law Review; Member, Temple Shalom, Chevy Chase, Maryland; Married; three children.
Last Updated: 11/6/2024 10:04 AM
Validation
Please fix the following:
MyMGA
Accessibility Tools